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如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:3 U, O! \& A/ v1 ~# k' g0 l1 T
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
( T. t6 t) P8 `  l& U    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
9 L6 k2 J) p" {    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
$ ]" e+ z4 \9 a* Y) j+ U. z    4. Background+ U1 D& r% i. |
        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
& k4 L8 }4 p  F# W% ]8 r        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.7 \1 O2 n' Q4 b, U
        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
  q! I$ F% e" `. e+ |    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
: D7 q' ?. e2 B/ U" m    6. Summary (1 slide)" L( V. `( h7 Q! i  y9 c$ {
    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.7 |/ A7 _- k& ^! o. ?
    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)& n2 R: j! i- K, e, A: C6 Q
    2. Motivation (1 slide)
" v3 i' C$ x6 `( `! B    3. Background (1 slide)
4 d$ _) o$ |8 e, m) ]( y    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
( _0 I2 I. n$ m2 Y    5. Results (8 slides)* k$ H. z4 d5 ?& U2 Q7 H
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)( k- I! Z. q; d+ ]1 e# o& D- d' |1 U5 d
    7. Future Work (1 slide)
# [+ J: Z( q1 T4 k6 U; {    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)/ D3 E3 b# r, l3 `) S8 O4 v
    9. Backup Slides
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举个例子:
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  X) s/ ^) f2 C. p. G% w(1)原则2 `# _! y) |( N7 @5 N$ `) W6 b
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:
4 \& v1 \) F8 i. ^2 dAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
) r, P' i: L6 i4 H* U. @8 @... Never over-estimate your audience...) x; e. W* E4 E1 d& S4 q4 p
是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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: t) {% U4 H6 u, r" y7 _(2)结构
, F: M' M  |% q" ]) |我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:
' q, ~4 I5 q! c. z* n3 k% J) s& fhttp://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
. g  r! R. s3 W' P  i; P0 J+ c, Z+ ^以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:. v! E: V. n" J6 J; f5 M; x
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
' F( H, J2 K% q8 y8 _    2. Motivation (1 slide)
7 b# r* \% L! n' y8 |# e$ U    3. Background (1 slide)7 C9 M: z+ n+ l% o& Y, e
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)- G4 R- R7 g( ~3 b, L$ J. z
    5. Results (8 slides)
$ h( }+ b3 v8 n: @: B: w    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
/ y# b- _. d9 \5 \, _$ B" |! k2 V    7. Future Work (1 slide)9 x+ z9 u. p+ w8 q
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
) o7 f0 {* e( [# p1 }/ }    9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:
% l8 d" A4 O" O  [# t4 A$ F/ ma. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
! k8 A" F$ d2 Fb. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。4 ]9 n5 z+ S  f: U. D2 q. Q  Z
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
6 @5 X- a# Y2 s) O/ ?d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。
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" B+ T# _& o  Z* B1 t2 ], s(3)讲故事1 U$ A* H* Z5 X+ U4 k4 e7 P3 q$ M
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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/ t1 c4 A0 R; i/ e(4)风格2 j* Q% `% T0 F8 I. m
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。  `7 W7 z" F3 `9 G/ h
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:+ C% g) l$ M, T1 a
a. 字体: Aria narrow.0 ?4 W8 B  L, H; k- r; [
   
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
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b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
, j4 T! x2 D( T, P+ L7 B, Rc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事
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/ e$ s7 F0 g4 d1 ?& }1 H(5)画图
5 |/ C' x* f4 c+ K$ C2 \  K, }8 G因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:: C7 G7 o0 f" P, J  E$ U6 U8 V  b& \- {6 F
www.52ocean.cn
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Ref:www.52ocean.cn
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